Synthesis, characterization and Bioactivity Evaluation of Heteroleptic Zinc(II) Complexes: Antioxidant and α-Amylase Inhibition Studies

• Uzair Khan

  School of Chemistry, and Xi'an Key Laboratory of Sustainable Energy Materials Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P. R., China.

  Author

• Zeshan Ahmad

  Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan-3200 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

  Author

• Sara Ali

  Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan-3200 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

  Author

• Zama Jan

  School of Physics, Sustainable Energy & Computational Materials Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an-710049, P. R., China.

  Author

• Murad Khan

  Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Chemical and Industrial Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan.

  Author

• Humayun Khan

  State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China.

  Author

• Sayed Nauman Shah

  Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.

  Author

A series of four zinc(II) complexes (SH-1 to SH-4) were successfully prepared through the reaction of zinc acetate dihydrate with 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (SH-1)  in methanol and further reaction with additional ligands (1,10-phenanthroline, 2,2'-bipyridine, and 4-methylpyridine, respectively). The complexes were obtained in satisfactory yields (66-78%) and thoroughly characterized using elemental analysis and atomic absorption spectroscopy, which verified their proposed structure. FT-IR spectral analysis confirmed bidentate chelation of the carboxylate moiety to the zinc center, demonstrating metal-ligand interaction. UV-Visible spectroscopy showed characteristic absorption bands in the 200-300 nm range, corresponding to ligand-centered π→π* electronic transitions. Biological assessments revealed concentration-dependent antioxidant activity against DPPH radicals and inhibitory effects on α-amylase enzyme, with the 2,2'-bipyridine-containing complex (SH-3) show high performance in both biological assays compared to other complexes. The IC₅₀ value of SH-3 is 5.867 ± 0.066 for biological activity. SH-4 shows a higher yield of 78%.

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